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Sakura Edition • 日本語

Japanese From Scratch — Master Sheet

Complete Reference Guide with Hiragana, Romaji, Syllable Pronunciation & English

Interactive Speech: Click any row or the audio button to hear authentic native pronunciation.
Interactive Recall Drill
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あ [ Click to Flip ]
Lesson 1: Complete Hiragana Chart (第1部 ひらがな)
How Hiragana Works: All basic sounds follow the 5 Core Vowels (a, i, u, e, o) combined with consonant rows (K, S, T, N, H, M, Y, R, W). Click any character box to hear its authentic pronunciation!
1. Basic 46 Hiragana Characters (Gojuon Grid)
Row a (あ) i (い) u (う) e (え) o (お)
Vowels あ a [ah] अ (अमर) い i [ee] इ (इमली) う u [oo] उ (उल्लू) え e [eh] ए (एक) お o [oh] ओ (ओखली)
K-row か ka [kah] का き ki [kee] की く ku [koo] कु け ke [keh] के こ ko [koh] को
S-row さ sa [sah] सा し shi Special [shee] (not si) शी す su [soo] सु せ se [seh] से そ so [soh] सो
T-row た ta [tah] ता ち chi Special [chee] (not ti) ची つ tsu Special [tsoo] (tsunami) त्सु て te [teh] ते と to [toh] तो
N-row な na [nah] ना に ni [nee] नी ぬ nu [noo] नु ね ne [neh] ने の no [noh] नो
H-row は ha [hah] हा ひ hi [hee] ही ふ fu Special [foo / hoo] फु へ he [heh] हे ほ ho [hoh] हो
M-row ま ma [mah] मा み mi [mee] मी む mu [moo] मु め me [meh] मे も mo [moh] मो
Y-row や ya [yah] या — ゆ yu [yoo] यू — よ yo [yoh] यो
R-row ら ra [rah] रा り ri [ree] री る ru [roo] रु れ re [reh] रे ろ ro [roh] रो
W-row / N わ wa [wah] वा — — — を wo / o [oh / woh] वो (ओ)
Singular N ん n / m [n] (nasal hum sound) ं (अनुस्वार)
2. Voiced Sounds (Dakuten ゛ & Handakuten ゜)
Adding quotation marks (゛ dakuten) or a small circle (゜ handakuten) modifies the consonant sound:
• K → G | S → Z | T → D | H → B (with ゛) | H → P (with ゜)
Row a i u e o
G-row (K+゛) が ga [gah] ぎ gi [gee] ぐ gu [goo] げ ge [geh] ご go [goh]
Z-row (S+゛) ざ za [zah] じ ji Special [jee] ず zu [zoo] ぜ ze [zeh] ぞ zo [zoh]
D-row (T+゛) だ da [dah] ぢ ji / dji Special [jee] づ zu / dzu Special [zoo] で de [deh] ど do [doh]
B-row (H+゛) ば ba [bah] び bi [bee] ぶ bu [boo] べ be [beh] ぼ bo [boh]
P-row (H+゜) ぱ pa [pah] ぴ pi [pee] ぷ pu [poo] ぺ pe [peh] ぽ po [poh]
Lesson 2: Counting (1 to 10) (第2部 数字)
Basic Numbers & Superstition Notes
# Kanji Hiragana Romaji Pronunciation Meaning Notes Audio
01 一 いち Ichi [ee-chee] One (1) Standard
02 二 に Ni [nee] Two (2) Standard
03 三 さん San [sahn] Three (3) Standard
04 四 よん / し Yon / Shi [yohn / shee] Four (4) Yon preferred (Shi = death)
05 五 ご Go [goh] Five (5) Standard
06 六 ろく Roku [roh-koo] Six (6) Standard
07 七 なな / しち Nana / Shichi [nah-nah / shee-chee] Seven (7) Both used
08 八 はち Hachi [hah-chee] Eight (8) Lucky number
09 九 きゅう / く Kyuu / Ku [kyoo / koo] Nine (9) Kyuu preferred (Ku = pain)
10 十 じゅう Juu [joo] Ten (10) Base for 11-99
Arithmetic Formula for Numbers 11–99
• 11 = 10 + 1 = Juu-ichi (じゅういち)  |  • 12 = 10 + 2 = Juu-ni (じゅうに)  |  • 20 = 2 × 10 = Ni-juu (にじゅう)  |  • 50 = 5 × 10 = Go-juu (ごじゅう)
Lesson 3: Days of the Week (第3部 曜日)
7 Celestial Days & Elements
Day Japanese Hiragana Romaji Pronunciation Elemental Meaning Audio
Monday 月曜日 げつようび Getsuyoubi [geht-soo-yoh-bee] Moon Day (月)
Tuesday 火曜日 かようび Kayoubi [kah-yoh-bee] Fire Day (火)
Wednesday 水曜日 すいようび Suiyoubi [soo-ee-yoh-bee] Water Day (水)
Thursday 木曜日 もくようび Mokuyoubi [moh-koo-yoh-bee] Tree / Wood (木)
Friday 金曜日 きんようび Kinyoubi [keen-yoh-bee] Gold / Metal (金)
Saturday 土曜日 どようび Doyoubi [doh-yoh-bee] Earth / Soil (土)
Sunday 日曜日 にちようび Nichiyoubi [nee-chee-yoh-bee] Sun Day (日)
Lesson 4: Months of the Year (第4部 月)
All 12 Months & Special Irregularities
Month Kanji Hiragana Romaji Pronunciation Rule Alert Audio
January 一月 いちがつ Ichigatsu [ee-chee-gah-tsoo] 1 + Gatsu
February 二月 にがつ Nigatsu [nee-gah-tsoo] 2 + Gatsu
March 三月 さんがつ Sangatsu [sahn-gah-tsoo] 3 + Gatsu
April 四月 しがつ Shigatsu [shee-gah-tsoo] Shi-gatsu (NOT Yon)
May 五月 ごがつ Gogatsu [goh-gah-tsoo] 5 + Gatsu
June 六月 ろくがつ Rokugatsu [roh-koo-gah-tsoo] 6 + Gatsu
July 七月 しちがつ Shichigatsu [shee-chee-gah-tsoo] Shichi (NOT Nana)
August 八月 はちがつ Hachigatsu [hah-chee-gah-tsoo] 8 + Gatsu
September 九月 くがつ Kugatsu [koo-gah-tsoo] Ku-gatsu (NOT Kyuu)
October 十月 じゅうがつ Juugatsu [joo-gah-tsoo] 10 + Gatsu
November 十一月 じゅういちがつ Juuichigatsu [joo-ee-chee-gah-tsoo] 11 + Gatsu
December 十二月 じゅうにがつ Juunigatsu [joo-nee-gah-tsoo] 12 + Gatsu
Lesson 5: Time System & Dialogues (第5部 時間)
Hours of the Clock (1:00 to 12:00)
Time Kanji Hiragana Romaji Pronunciation Note Audio
1:00 一時 いちじ Ichiji [ee-chee-jee] Standard
2:00 二時 にじ Niji [nee-jee] Standard
3:00 三時 さんじ Sanji [sahn-jee] Standard
4:00 四時 よじ Yoji [yoh-jee] Yo-ji (NOT Yonji/Shiji)
5:00 五時 ごじ Goji [goh-jee] Standard
6:00 六時 ろくじ Rokuji [roh-koo-jee] Standard
7:00 七時 しちじ Shichiji [shee-chee-jee] Shichiji (NOT Nanaji)
8:00 八時 はちじ Hachiji [hah-chee-jee] Standard
9:00 九時 くじ Kuji [koo-jee] Ku-ji (NOT Kyuuji)
10:00 十時 じゅうじ Juuji [joo-jee] Standard
11:00 十一時 じゅういちじ Juuichiji [joo-ee-chee-jee] Standard
12:00 十二時 じゅうにじ Juuniji [joo-nee-jee] Standard
Minutes & AM/PM Markers
Concept Kanji Hiragana Romaji Pronunciation Meaning Audio
Half past (:30) 半 はん Han [hahn] Half past / :30 min
Morning / A.M. 午前 ごぜん Gozen [goh-zehn] A.M. (Morning)
Afternoon / P.M. 午後 ごご Gogo [goh-goh] P.M. (Afternoon)
5 minutes 五分 ごふん Gofun [goh-foon] 5 minutes
10 minutes 十分 じゅっぷん Juppun [joop-poon] 10 minutes
Real-Life Conversation Dialogues
Japanese Sentence Romaji Pronunciation English Meaning Audio
今、何時ですか？ Ima, nan-ji desu ka? [ee-mah, nahn-jee dehs kah] What time is it right now?
今、三時半です。 Ima, san-ji han desu. [ee-mah, sahn-jee hahn dehs] It is 3:30 right now.
午前七時に起きます。 Gozen shichi-ji ni okimasu. [goh-zehn shee-chee-jee nee oh-kee-mahs] I wake up at 7:00 AM.
会議は、何時からですか？ Kaigi wa, nan-ji kara desu ka? [kah-ee-gee wah, nahn-jee kah-rah dehs kah] What time does the meeting start?
午後二時からです。 Gogo ni-ji kara desu. [goh-goh nee-jee kah-rah dehs] It starts from 2:00 PM.
Lesson 6: Essential Greetings (第6部 挨拶)
Daily Polite Phrases
Occasion Japanese Romaji Pronunciation English Meaning Audio
Morning おはようございます Ohayou gozaimasu [oh-hah-yoh goh-zah-ee-mahs] Good morning (polite)
Daytime こんにちは Konnichiwa [kohn-nee-chee-wah] Hello / Good afternoon
Evening こんばんは Konbanwa [kohn-bahn-wah] Good evening
Gratitude ありがとうございます Arigatou gozaimasu [ah-ree-gah-toh goh-zah-ee-mahs] Thank you very much
Apology / Excuse すみません Sumimasen [soo-mee-mah-sehn] Excuse me / I'm sorry
Farewell さようなら Sayounara [sah-yoh-nah-rah] Goodbye (Farewell)
Classroom Instructions & Study Expressions (教室の言葉 — Page 29)
Instruction (Japanese) Romaji Pronunciation English Meaning Audio
始めましょう (はじめましょう) Hajimemashou [hah-jee-meh-mah-shoh] Let's begin.
終わりましょう (おわりましょう) Owarimashou [oh-wah-ree-mah-shoh] Let's finish.
休みましょう (やすみましょう) Yasumimashou [yah-soo-mee-mah-shoh] Let's take a break.
わかりますか Wakarimasu ka? [wah-kah-ree-mahs kah] Do you understand?
もう一度 (もういちど) Mou ichido [moh ee-chee-doh] Once more / Again, please.
いいです Ii desu [ee-ee dehs] Fine / Good.
Level Up: Minna no Nihongo Curriculum (語彙・文法・例文・会話)

Step into structured lessons following the standard JLPT N5 curriculum. Master comprehensive vocabulary banks, grammatical rules, sentence patterns (文型), example sentences (例文), and real conversation dialogues with audio.

Lesson 1 (第1課) Active & Ready

Introductions, Occupations & Grammar

Includes 40+ vocabulary terms, 24 country & language references, Sentence Patterns (Bunkei 1–4), Q&A Examples (Reibun 1–5), Office Introduction Dialogue (Kaiwa), and 6 core grammar rules.

Open Lesson 1 Study Sheet
Lesson 2 (第2課) Active & Ready

Demonstratives (これ, それ, あれ) & Possessions

38+ Vocabulary words, demonstratives (kore, sore, are), asking "Whose is this?", giving gifts (hon no kimochi desu), and top 20 family names.

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Lesson 3 (第3課) Active & Ready

Places (ここ, そこ, あそこ) & Shopping

Place demonstratives (koko, soko, asoko), rooms & facilities, department store directory, shopping dialogue ("I'll take it"), currency, and large numbers (百, 千, 万).

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Lesson 4 (第4課) Active & Ready

Time, Routine & Verbs (-masu Form)

Hours & minutes, days of the week, routine verbs (okimasu, nemasu, hatarakimasu, benkyoushimasu), time particle に, and opening hours dialogue.

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